NF C73-888-2000 家用和类似电器的安全性.第2-88部分:与加热、通风或空调系统一起使用的增湿器的特殊要求
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时间:2024-05-15 18:43:10
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【英文标准名称】:Safetyofhouseholdandsimilarelectricalappliances-Part2-88:particularrequirementsforhumidifiersintendedforusewithheating,ventilationorairconditioningsystems.
【原文标准名称】:家用和类似电器的安全性.第2-88部分:与加热、通风或空调系统一起使用的增湿器的特殊要求
【标准号】:NFC73-888-2000
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2000-07-01
【实施或试行日期】:2000-07-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:家庭安全;安全元件;电气器具;电气工程;规范(验收);空调器;安全;家用电器;家用;加热器;安全要求;制冷机;通风系统;空调系统;加湿器;加热装置;控制装置;电气安全
【英文主题词】:electricappliances;safetyrequirements;electricalengineering;refrigerators;ventilationsystems;air-conditioningsystems;specification(approval);electrichouseholdappliances;heaters;electricalsafety;householduse;safetycomponents;airconditioners;domesticsafety;controldevices;heatinginstallation;safety;humidifiers;electrichouseholdappliance
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Y61
【国际标准分类号】:91_140_30
【页数】:19P.;A4
【正文语种】:其他
【英文标准名称】:Hardmetals-Metallographicdeterminationofmicrostructure-Part2:MeasurementofWCgrainsize(ISO4499-2:2008);GermanversionENISO4499-2:2010
【原文标准名称】:硬质合金.显微组织的金相学测定.第2部分:WC颗粒尺寸的测量(ISO4499-2-2008).德文版本ENISO4499-2-2010
【标准号】:DINENISO4499-2-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2010-10
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:校准;编码号;晶体微观结构;定义;名称与符号;电子显微镜;蚀刻;粒度;硬质合金;部分截取方法;测量;测量技术;金相学;金属;分析方法;显微分析;微观结构;粒度分布;粉末冶金;抽样方法;符号;术语;试样;组织
【英文主题词】:Calibration;Codenumbers;Crystalmicrostructure;Definitions;Designations;Electronmicroscopy;Etching;Grainsize;Hardmetals;Intercepted-segmentmethod;Measurement;Measuringtechniques;Metallography;Metals;Methodsofanalysis;Microscopicanalysis;Microstructure;Particlesizedistribution;Powdermetallurgy;Samplingmethods;Symbols;Terms;Testspecimens;Texture
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H16
【国际标准分类号】:77_040_99;77_160
【页数】:24P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforUseofThermoluminescence-Dosimetry(TLD)SystemsforRadiationProcessing
【原文标准名称】:辐射加工用热致发光剂量测定(TLD)系统使用的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51956-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;dosimetermeasurement;radiationprocessing;thermoluminescencedosimeter;thermoluminescencedosimetrysystem;TLD;ICS
【摘要】:4.1Duringtheirradiationofcertaincrystallinematerials,forexample,LiF,CaF2,CaSO4,Li2B4O7,andAl2O3,thefillingofelectronandholetrapsbetweenthegroundstateandtheconductionbandresultsinstoredenergythatcanbereleasedasfluorescenceduringheating.Thermoluminescencedosimetrysystemsprovideameansofdeterminingabsorbeddosetomaterialsbymeasuringthisfluorescencebythecontrolledheatingoftheirradiatedcrystallinematerial.4.2Thermoluminescencedosimeters(TLDs)areavailablefromdifferentcommericialsuppliersindifferentformssuchasloosepowder,chipsorcrystalsencapsulatedinglassorplastic.4.3TLDscanbereusedbysubjectingtheirradiatedTLDstoanannealingprocessatahighertemperaturetoreleasealltheelectronandholetraps.4.4Inradiationprocessing,TLDsaremainlyusedintheirradiationofbloodproducts(seeISO/ASTMPractice51939),food(seeISO/ASTMPractices51204and51431),andinsectsforsterileinsectreleaseprograms(seeISO/ASTMGuide51940).TLDsmayalsobeusedinotherradiationprocessingapplicationssuchasthesterilizationofmedicalproducts,modificationofpolymers,irradiationofelectronicdevices,andcuringofinks,coatingsandadhesives.(SeeRefs(1,2)4andISO/ASTMPractices51608,51649,and51702).4.5Forradiationprocessing,theabsorbed-doserangeofinterestisfrom1Gyto100kGy.SomeTLDscanbeusedinapplicationsrequiringmuchlowerabsorbeddoses(forexample,forpersonneldosimetry),butsuchapplicationsareoutsidethescopeofthispractice.ExamplesofTLDsandapplicabledoserangesaregiveninTable1.FurtherinformationonvarioustypesofTLDsandtheirapplicationscanbefoundinRefs(3-8).4.6Regulationsforsterilizationofmedicalproducts,irradiationofbloodproducts,andradiationprocessingoffoodexistinmanycountries.Theseregulationsmayrequirethatthedosimetrysystembecalibratedwithtraceabilitytonationalstandards(9,10,11,12).Adequatedosimetry,withproperstatisticalcontrolsanddocumentation,isnecessarytoensurethattheproductsareproperlyprocessed.4.7Properdosimetricmeasurementsshallbeemployedtoensurethattheproductreceivesthedesiredabsorbeddose.ThedosimetersshallbecalibratedasoutlinedinSection8.Allpossiblefactorsthatmayaffecttheresponseofdosimeters,includingenvironmentalconditionsandvariationsofsuchconditionswithinaprocessingfacility,shouldbeknownandtakenintoaccount.Theassociatedmeasurementinstrumentationshallalsobecalibrated.1.1Thispracticecoversproceduresfortheuseofthermoluminescencedosimeters(TLDs)todeterminetheabsorbeddoseinmaterialsirradiatedbyphotonsorelectronsintermsofabsorbeddosetowater.1.2Thispracticecoverssystemsthatpermitabsorbeddosemeasurementsunderthefollowingconditions:1.2.1Theabsorbed-doserangeisfrom1Gyto100kGy.1.2.2Theabsorbed-doserateisbetween1102and11010Gys1.1.2.3Theradiation-energyrangeforphotonsandelectronsisfrom0.1to50MeV.1.3Absorbeddoseandabsorbed-doseratemeasurementsinmaterialssubjectedtoneutronirradiationarenotcoveredinthispractice.1.4ProceduresfortheuseofTLDsfordeterminingabsorbeddoseinradiation-hardnesstestingofelectronicdevicesaregiveninASTMPracticeE668.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语