【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSmallPunchTestingofUltra-HighMolecularWeightPolyethyleneUsedinSurgicalImplants
【原文标准名称】:外科植入物用超高分子重量聚乙烯的小型打孔器检测的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2183-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:mechanicalbehavior;miniaturespecimens;smallpunchtest;UHMWPE;ultra-highmolecularweightpolyethylene;Mechanicalanalysis/testing;Miniaturespecimentesting;Small-scaletesting;Surgicalimplants;Ultra-highmolecular-weightpolyethylene(UH
【摘要】:MiniaturespecimentestingtechniquesareusedtocharacterizethemechanicalbehaviorofUHMWPEstockmaterialsandsurgicalimplantsaftermanufacture,sterilization,shelfaging,radiationcrosslinking,thermaltreatment,andimplantation(1).Furthermore,experimentalUHMWPEmaterialscanbeevaluatedafteracceleratedagingandhiporkneewearsimulation.Consequently,thesmallpunchtestmakesitpossibletoexaminerelationshipsbetweenwearperformanceandmechanicalbehaviorofUHMWPE.ThistestmethodcanalsobeusedtorankthemechanicalbehaviorofUHMWPErelativetoareferencecontrolmaterial(suchastheNISTUltra-HighMolecularWeightPolyethyleneReferenceMaterial8456).Smallpunchtestingresultsmayvarywithspecimenpreparationandwiththespeedandenvironmentoftesting.Consequently,whereprecisecomparativeresultsaredesired,thesefactorsmustbecarefullycontrolled.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofmechanicalbehaviorofultra-highmolecularweightpolyethylene(UHMWPE)bysmallpunchtestingofminiaturediskspecimens(0.5mminthicknessand6.4mmindiameter).ThetestmethodhasbeenestablishedforcharacterizingUHMWPEsurgicalmaterialsafterramextrusionorcompressionmolding(1,2);forevaluatingas-manufacturedimplantsafterradiationcrosslinkingandsterilization(3,4);aswellasfortestingofimplantsthathavebeenretrieved(explanted)fromthehumanbody(5,6).1.2Theparametersofthesmallpunchtest,namelythepeakload,ultimatedisplacement,ultimateload,andworktofailure,providemetricsoftheyielding,ultimatestrength,ductility,andtoughnessofUHMWPEundermultiaxialloadingconditions.BecausethemechanicalbehaviorofUHMWPEisdifferentwhenloadedunderuniaxialandmultiaxialloadingconditions(3),thesmallpunchtestprovidesacomplementarymechanicaltestingtechniquetotheuniaxialtensiletestingspecifiedformedicalgradeUHMWPEbySpecificationF648.1.3Inadditiontoitsuseasaresearchtoolinimplantretrievalanalysis,thesmallpunchtestcanbeusedasalaboratoryscreeningtesttoevaluatenewUHMWPEmaterials,suchasthosecreatedbygammaorelectronbeamirradiation(1).ThetestmethodisalsowellsuitedforcharacterizationofUHMWPEbeforeandafteracceleratedaging(forexample,GuideF2003),andinthatregarditcanproviderankingofthemechanicaldegradationofdifferentUHMWPEsamplesafteroxidativedegradation(4,7).1.4Thesmallpunchtesthasbeenappliedtootherpolymers,includingpolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)bonecement,polyacetal,andhighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE)(8,9).However,thesmallpunchtestingofpolymersotherthanUHMWPEisbeyondthescopeofthisstandard.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Theunitsinparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoinch-poundunitsthatareprovidedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C45
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Fruitandvegetablejuices-Determinationofnitrogencontent-Kjeldahlmethod;GermanversionEN12135:1997
【原文标准名称】:水果汁和蔬菜汁.氮含量测定.基耶达氏法
【标准号】:EN12135-1997
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1997-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:含量测定;水果汁;氮含量;基耶达尔;食品化学;食品;基尔达斯法;化学分析和试验;蔬菜汁
【英文主题词】:Chemicalanalysisandtesting;Definition;Definitions;Determinationofcontent;Foodchemistry;Foodproducts;Fruitjuices;Kjeldahl;Kjeldahlsmethod;Nitrogencontent;Vegetablejuices
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:X26;X24
【国际标准分类号】:67_160_20
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语